社區為夥伴模式於社區健康評估之運用

Applying Community as Partner Model in Community Health Assessment

有效的社區評估，可以找出有利或有害於社區健康的影響因素，進而整合相關資源，以延續社區健康。本文目的先行檢視現有的社區評估理論模式，比較各模式彼此之間概念異同與優缺點。之後，再以鶯歌區某里為例，運用社區為夥伴模式，實際走訪，並以訪談、文獻查證、觀察、調查法及儀器等進行資料收集，呈現人口核心、八大次系統、觀點。研究結果顯示某里地處偏僻，健康問題在於戶外積水容器過多，以及居民定期就醫與規律用藥之遵從性偏低。建議社區健康專業人員應針對社區個別性，考量社區資源、人口特性、環境、健康相關因素等，與居民討論、凝聚社區共識，分析其優缺點，有效整合且推動健康服務，達成社區永續經營之目的。

Effective community assessment identifies factors that positively or negatively influence community health and subsequently facilitates integrating related resources for community health maintenance. The objective of this study was to examine extant community assessment theoretical models and compare the concepts, advantages, and disadvantages of these models. Thereafter, on the basis of the community as partner model, a field study was conducted in Yingge District, New Taipei City, Taiwan, using interviews, literature review, observations, field research, and instruments to collect data. An overview of core of population demographics, eight subsystems of the community, and perspectives of community residents were provided. The results show that in remote areas, excessive water-containing containers, the residents' low medical adherence, and their low frequency of periodic visits to medical institutions contributed to health problems. To achieve sustainable community development, community health specialists are recommended to consider, depending on the characteristics of individual communities, various factors including, community resources, demographic characteristics, environment, and health, hold discussions with residents, reach a consensus within communities, analyze the advantages and disadvantages of the community assessment theoretical models, and effectively integrate and promote health care services.