論保險代位之妨礙－－我國與英美法之比較研究

Insurance Subrogation Prejudice－A Comparative Law Study of Taiwan and Anglo-American Law

本文之主旨，在於以比較法之觀點，為我國保險代位之保護機制提出建議。保險代位既然有防止被保險人雙重得利等重要功能，故自應加以保障以避免受到妨礙。目前我國對於保險代位妨礙之處理，除了法律尚無明確規範，學說見解也頗為分歧，致生諸多疑義。經本文對我國法與英美法之比較分析，本文以為可參考英美法之已知保險而除外之原則，更完整的考量第三人之知情狀態。又可考慮廣義之妨礙代位概念，以包含被保險人之協助與禁止妨礙代位義務，促進保險代位之保護與行使。並可加強保險人之說明義務，要求保險人於締約之時應完整告知被保險人關於積極協助、不得妨礙之義務與法律效果，以適當平衡雙方法律關係。

The purpose of this research is to remodel the system of the protection of insurance subrogation in Taiwan with comparative law perspective. Considering subrogation’s critical role in indemnity principle, it is worth more protection against prejudice. However, there is no specific regulation regrading this in Taiwan and different opinions of scholars create more controversies. After the comparative survey, this paper proposes that the “knowledge-of-insurance exception” rule in Anglo-American Law can be followed in Taiwan law, for better considering the knowledge of the third party. Also, a wide definition of subrogation prejudice is worthy of consideration, to better incorporate the duty of the insured to assistand not to prejudice subrogation right. Finally, insurer’s duty of explaining the result of subrogation prejudice to the insured can be considered to decentlybalance their interests.