寂靜之聲：聾人自我建構經驗的現象學心理學觀點

The Silent Voice: The Phenomenological Psychology Approach to Explore the Experience Construction of the Deaf-self

背景與目的：主流的聽障研究論點，隱含由「障」進步為「常」的健康常態預設，較為忽略聾人的自我建構經驗。本研究以現象學心理學取徑，重新理解聾人的自我意涵。方法：透過一位慣用自然手語的聾人，稱為A，進行手語晤談，而後記錄分析資料。之後，以現象學心理學方法進行分析，發現聾人的自我樣貌。結果：研究發現參與者A的自我置身結構與存有描述，共有四個主題：（1）存有的基礎是異質性存在。（2）營造海洋的意象。（3）追不上的時差感，「障」的現身與超越。（4）在沉默中言說，於寂靜中展現此有。結論：研究顯示A的自我樣貌，跳脫以「非」來界定「常」的框架，而是擴大「常」的可能性。聾人自我的形成是透過手語，顯示其參與世界、情感表現，以及與人互動的模式。

Background and objectives: A few of studies used the questionnaires to collect data to understand the deaf. However, it is the normative view and focuses on deficient dimension of the hearing impairment. Methods: The phenomenological psychology approach is adopted to explore the experiences of “Deaf-Self” to avoid the ableism trap. One female participant A is 26 years old who was interviewed through sign language. The data analysis procedures were based on phenomenological psychology. Results and discussions: There are four themes emerged from the data. First, the heterogeneity mode of the deaf existence. Second, the construction of ocean image in daily life. Third, the ‘normal’ and ‘disability’ boundary are constructed and working through. Fourth, ‘hearing-loss’ is not equivalent to ‘disability’ The four themes meant the different modes of silent existences. Conclusion: We turn the ‘hearing loss’ deficiency conceptualization into the ‘ability gaining’ perspective to construct the ‘Deaf Culture’. It is proposed the Deaf and hearing people present the ability diversity and unique way of being-in-the-world.