隨機殺人事件的成因與對策初探－－一個不可能的任務？

Preventing Random Killing: Mission Impossible

本文以研究評論形式，嘗試利用日本隨機殺人事件所累積的資料，從定義、原因與對策三方面，剖繪日本現情。臺灣與日本，不論在文化、社會與商業活動層面，都有非常密切的交流，再加上整體的法政經結構頗為類似，對於日本現況的理解將有助於臺灣狀況的分析。本文主要評論有三點：一、日本相關研究僅以被害人三人以上的「大量殺傷事件」為主要分析案件，但本文認為從被害人人數定義此類事件意義不大，因被害對象的不確定性才是案件的核心。二、日本研究認為隨機殺人最重要的特徵是社會上的孤立、明顯偏激且趨向尖銳的想法，簡言之，該類案件是無業與性格使然，此點值得臺灣參考，但須有其他殺人犯罪作為比較基礎。三、日本提出增強人際關係建設、家庭重建、教育改革、職場改善等預防策略，但本文認為成效在臺灣可能有限，因為每當事件發生後，社會僅想以司法來杜絕此問題，少見願意協助此群犯罪人找到人生困境出口的努力。

This research note comments on the recent random killing research in Japan in regard to their chosen definitions, causes and prevention policies. Apart from very intense cultural, social and business exchanges, Taiwan and Japan share very similar legal, political and economic structures. The experience and research in Japan on random killing cases may have the potential to offer Taiwan a different perspective for further analyses. The research note argues that, unlike Japan, which only focuses upon number of victims, random killing should, by definition, make more effort to analyze un-identified motives. Second, social isolation and significant extreme or polarized personality are key factors of previous random killing offenders in Japan. Given the value of this finding, it is still unclear if these factors are shared by all types of such offenders. Finally, while the Japanese research points to enhancing interpersonal relationships, reconstructing family functions, education reform, and improving workplace environment as possible prevention policies, this paper argues that these policies won't be applicable to Taiwan until Taiwan steps away from its obsession with severe punishment of individual cases.