多巴胺和精神科疾病：影像學的證據

Dopamine and Psychiatric Disorders: Evidence from Imaging Studies

多巴胺是最常被研究的神經傳導激素之一。多巴胺不但在許多的智能動物上皆可發現，更被認為與人類演化與適應行為有關。多巴胺功能過高或過低與許多精神科疾病有所關連。近數十年來，使用分子神經造影技術（如正質子造影與單光子電腦造影）的研究不但能將多巴胺在活體內的功能予以視覺呈現，更對多巴胺功能與精神科疾病之間的關連性提供可信的證據。分子神經造影做為一個有效的研究工具，正在繼續揭開心理疾患的細部機制。在本文中，我們回顧並簡介多巴胺功能與若干精神科疾病（包含精神分裂症、重鬱症、雙極性疾患、物質濫用以及注意力不足過動症等）的關係。

Dopamine is the one of the most studied neurotransmitters. Dopamine is found in a wide range of intelligent animals. Dopamine is associated with human evolution and adaptive behaviors. Hyper- and hypo-dopaminergic functions are associated with many mental disorders. In the recent decades, studies using molecular neuroimage techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), have seen the in vivo activity of dopaminergic function, and provided persuasive evidence on the association between psychiatric disorders and dopamine function. Molecular neuroim- age technique as a valid research device, is unrevealing the detailed mechanisms on mental disorders. In the present overview, we focus on illustrating the neuroimage evidence for the association between dopamine function and some mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, substance abuse, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).