中國精神疾病流行病學報告

Epidemiological Study of Mental Disorders in China

中國精神疾病流行病學研究也有了很大進展。一直以來，中國在臨床實務和科學研究均使用ICD-10和DSM-IV的診斷標準。早在1982年和1993年進行過兩次大樣本的精神障礙流行病學調查。1982年的12地區調查結果顯示全部精神疾病時點患病率和生患病分別為1.05%和1.27%。1993年7地區調查結果顯示時點患病率和終生患病分別為1.12%和1.35%。之後一些地方性的研究陸續有報導。在近10年的研究中，使用CIDI和SCID等不同方法進行精神疾病流行病學調查，獲得了不同的患病率。2002年世界精神衛生調查在北京城區居民2,633人和上海城區居民2,568人中採用CIDI進行了調查，結果是12個月精神疾病患病率為7.0%，不包括精神病性疾患和失智症。最新的報告是北京16歲以上居民3,387人的現調查，情感疾患30天患病率、12個月患病率和終生患病率分別為0.87%、3.40%和6.55%。焦慮疾患的30天患病率、12個月患病率和終生患病率分別為3.08%、3.90%和6.37%。物質使用疾患的30天患病率、12個月患病率和終生患病率分別為0.37%、1.92%和5.58%。經過流行病學現況調查，精神疾病的疾病負擔之研究應該置於優先的地位。

In China, the epidemiological study on mental disorders is a great achieve-ment. The criteria of ICD-10and DSM-IVare applied in both clinical practice and research in China all the time. Using ICD-9and DSM-III, the early large scale epi-demiological studies on mental disorders were carried out in 1982 and 1993. In the 1982 survey, the overall point prevalence and the lifetime prevalence of all mental disorders from 12 study areas were 1.05% and 1.27%, respectively. In the 1993 survey, the point prevalence and lifetime prevalence of all mental disorders from seven areas were 1.12% and 1.35%, respectively. In recent 10 years, CIDIand SCIDhave been utilized in epidemiological studies in China and obtained different prevalences of mental disorders using different methodologies in different regions. In 2002, the World Mental Health Survey was conducted in urban Beijing and Shanghai using CIDI. The 12-month prevalence estimate of any disorder was 7.0% without psychotic disorders in the sample of 2,633 in Beijing and 2,568 in Shang-hai. The latest survey was a cross-sectional study in 2,469 residents aged 16 and over in Beijing. The 30-day, 12-month, and lifetime prevalences of mood disorder were 0.87%, 3.40% and 6.55%. Those of anxiety disorders were 3.08%, 3.90%, and 6.37%. Those of substance abuse/dependence disorders were 0.37%, 1.92% and 5.58%. Furthermore, it should be put in priority to study disease burden of mental disorder after many cross-sectional regional and nationwide studies.