由結構方程模式綜觀雙親依附關係與心理健康之發展

Developmental Aspects of Parental Attachment and Mental Health in Structural Equation Modeling

目的：許多研究顯示早期幼年時期的雙親依附關係對個人日後的人格發展有深遠的影 響，而人格特質是影響個人承受壓力及日常生活之因應能力的主要因素。因此早期親子間的 依附關係將影響個人日後許多心理功能的發展。方法：在早期大部分之研究多以回歸分析顯 示雙親依附關係對個體的影響，但其結果通常只顯示遠因及近因的要素；其中之促發因子以 及可能潛在之間接因子或者混淆變項皆會被忽略，並且可能會出現虛假的相關性。本文將以 結構方程模式和Latent Class Analysis 去探索其中之路徑，間直接的影響以及每一個變項同 時效度的相關發現。而此研究之主要目標是提供一個雙親依附對個體的人格，心理健康，長 期疼痛，性取向和犯罪行為之影響。另外，研究之議題將探討雙親依附關係，基因，情緒與 述情表達，以及教養之間的相關性問題。

Background: Early parent-child attachment has been thought to infl uence the diverse functional development of the individual in later life. The research results of the infl uence of parental attachment on individuals show only the precipitating and perpetuating factors. But the predisposing and possibly mediating latent covariates, or several confounding variables, can be neglected, and pseudo-associations can be identifi ed. The aim of this overview was to provide a clear protocol for the investigation of the infl uence of parent-child attachment on the personality, mental health, experience of chronic pain, sexual orientation, and criminal behavior of an individual. Methods: In this review article, I assessed relevant research articles dealing with developmental aspects of parental attachment and mental health in structural equation modeling. Combining with my own data, I also explored the natural course of the path effect, current effect, and the regression and concurrent validity in each variable, using Structural Equation Modeling and Latent Class Analysis. Results: I fi rst introduced assessment instruments to measure parenting, personality and psychiatric morbidity; then covered the issues of parental attachment, personality, and psychological adjustment, as well as mental health and traumatic stress. Later I deal with the issues of relationship between parental bonding and criminal behavior, adolescent prostitutes and parental rearing attitudes, parental bonding and psychiatric psychopath, such as psychosomatic symptoms, chronic regional pain, hyperventilation syndrome, sexual orientation, increased expressed emotion and alexithymia. Conclusion: Issues associated with the relationship between genetic factors and parental attachment, expressed emotion and alexithymia, and the interaction between nature and nurture, have not yet settled. Future research are needed to deal with those inconclusive issues.