短期有氧舞蹈與拳擊對精神分裂症病患之精神症狀及體適能之效應

Effects of Brief Aerobic Dance or Kickboxing on Psychiatric Symptoms and Physical Fitness for Patients with Schizophrenia

目的：精神科病人不僅會受到精神症狀影響，藥物引起的副作用也會影響病人，導致不 活動和體重的增加，而增加罹患糖尿病、高血壓和高膽固醇等健康風險，藉由運動通常可以 減低罹患這些疾病的風險率。本研究目的為探討有氧運動對精神分裂症病人之精神症狀、行 為及體適能之成效。方法：本研究採前後測類實驗研究設計，29 位來自北區某精神科醫院 之住院精神分裂症患者，依病房別分為有氧舞蹈組、拳擊有氧組及控制組等。有氧運動組以 團體方式進行，每週三次，每次50 分鐘，持續四週。結果：三組有氧運動前後平均值差， 達統計差異，於精神症狀 (p < 0.05)，肌肉耐力 (p < 0.05)，柔軟度 (p < 0.01)。有氧 舞蹈組與拳擊有氧組，其改善明顯優於控制組，尤其以有氧舞蹈組改善最多。另外，研究者 也觀察到拳擊有氧組之研究對象，在遵從運動節律及強度方面較有困難，因此建議未來在提 供精神分裂症病人運動措施時，應朝簡單、容易及規律性的方向設計，盡量減少參與者之壓 力，以增進病人的熟練度。

Objective: Psychiatric symptoms and drug-induced side effects impact patients with mental disorders. The impact can lead to their inactivity and weight gain, further increasing risks of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and hypercholesterolemia. Exercise can reverse the diseases caused by decreased mobility. In this study, we aimed to examine the effects of exercise on psychiatric symptoms, behaviors, and physical fi tness of inpatients with schizophrenia. Methods: A posttest quasi-experimental research design was used. We recruited 29 inpatients with schizophrenia from a psychiatric hospital and divided them into three groups: aerobic dance, aerobic kickboxing, and control, respectively. The exercise program took 50 minutes each time, and three times per week for four weeks. Data were collected before and after the program. Results: After the four-week experiment, we found that the mean differences of scores between the posttest and pretest among the three groups were signifi cantly different on psychiatric symptoms (p < 0.05), muscular endurance (p < 0.05), and fl exibility (p < 0.01). Conclusion: In this study, we found that the effects of the aerobic exercise programs, especially aerobic dance, signifi cantly improved psychiatric symptoms and physical fi tness, but not behavioral change of inpatients with schizophrenia. The aerobic kickboxing participants had the problem to follow the rhythm and intensity of the exercise. We suggest that we need to adopt easier, simpler and regular exercise to reduce stress and to promote mastery for patients with schizophrenia, and that future research should also be focused on the topics related to intensity, frequency, duration, and mode of exercise.