轉變中的社區發展：臺灣社區發展政策之歷史制度論分析

The Community Development in Transition: A Policy Analysis for Community Development from Historical Institutionalism Perspective

本文以1968-2013年間的臺灣社區發展政策為對象，透過歷史制度論觀點進行社區發展政策之分析。作者在完成當前社區發展政策議題整理後再透過歷史制度論觀點對前諸政策議題進行分析。分析發現當前社區發展中的關鍵議題：社區劃分、社區組織的性質、指定工作項目、社區輔導、社區評鑑等議題可以在歷史脈絡中找到「歷史解答」。現有的議題乃是傳承自過去之制度思維與現代環境及任務間的不對應而致。藉由歷史性制度的澄清，期待社區發展工作的行政者及實務工作者，可以從過去的制度迷思與限制中解放出來，以利於政策規劃者、行政者及社區發展實務工作者，可以理性面對當前的環境特性及政策任務，進行適當的行動選擇。

The Community Development Policy in Taiwan 1968-2013 was reviewed in this paper from historical institutionalism perspective. For finding the historical answer about community development issues, the author generalized the key issues about community development policy as: 'community-wide', 'nature of the community organization', 'specify community programs', 'communities coaching plan', 'community evaluation'. Then, the issues were analyzed from institutionalism perspective based on historical material. We found the 'historical answers' for the issues and the proposition of path dependence is verified. The existing issues emerge from the inherited system thinking does not suit to modern environment and tasks. This article clarifies the nature of community development policy in historical institutionalism perspective, provides further reflection and implementation for community development policy makers, administrators, and practical workers.