援文藝體制下的台、港、馬華文學場域　以譯書計畫《小說報》為例

The Literary Field in Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Malaysia under the U.S. Aid Literary Institution A Case Study of the Book Publication Program of Story Paper

本文使用美國國家檔案局的資料，探討1950年代美國在亞洲的文化冷戰，以海外華人作為主要的宣傳對象，將台灣、香港和馬來亞（新加坡）納入美援文藝體制的過程。說明美方透過通俗文學作品，塑造自由世界共同的「政治想像」。本文主要分為三個部分：首先，分析台、港、馬在美國譯書計畫中的位置：以香港為世界華文出版的中心，新加坡為英譯的重鎮，而台灣一開始在譯書上不如香港，在商業流通的管道上亦不及新加坡，位居三者之末。及至1959年，新加坡退出譯書計畫，屆此，台港儼然成為世界華文出版品的中心，但仍以香港為主。其次，以香港美新處出版的三毫子小說《小說報》的誕生為例，說明美援文藝體制在反共的大原則下，透過在地中介權力者，動員台港兩地的文化人、出版社，參與譯書計畫的生產過程，而將香港通俗文學場域「政治化」。最後，透過《小說報》作品的實際分析，說明香港作家書寫蕉風椰雨的馬來風情，結合「反共」與「愛情」的敘事潛規則，以《小說報》此類通俗文學、三毫子小說的形式，打造美方所希望的反共的、華文的，卻又具有東南亞在地色彩的想像共同體。

This study uses data from the National Archives and Records Administration of the United States to examine the process by which Taiwan, Hong Kong, and Malaya (Singapore) were incorporated into the U.S. Aid literary institution with overseas Chinese as the main target audience. By using popular literature, the U.S. shaped the joint “political imagination” of the free world. This study is divided into three parts. The first part looks at the position of Hong Kong, Taiwan, and Malaya (Singapore) in the U.S. book translation program with Hong Kong as the world center of Chinese-language publishing and Singapore as an important center for English translation. Initially, Taiwan did not match Hong Kong for translations or Singapore for commercial distribution channels by putting itself among the three. In 1959, Singapore withdrew from the book translation program. As a result, Hong Kong and Taiwan became world centers for Chinese publications, although Hong Kong continued to dominate. Second, using the example of the emergence of the pulp fiction Story Paper published by Hong Kong USIS, we explore how under principles of anti-communism, the U.S. Aid literary institution used powerful local intermediaries to mobilize intellectuals and publishers in Hong Kong and Taiwan to participate in the book translation program and politicized the popular literary field. Finally, through an analysis of the actual content of Story Paper, we explain the Malay style of the work Malayan Affair that combined anti-communist themes and a love story narrative. Using the popular literary and pulp fiction style of Story Paper, the Chinese language anti-communist result desired by the U.S. was achieved while at the same time producing an imagined community with a Southeast Asian flavor.