尼加拉瓜訴哥倫比亞哥案中的領土爭端和島嶼劃界評析

Territorial Disputes and the Maritime Delimitation of Islands in the ICJ Case between Nicaragua and Colombia

尼加拉瓜訴哥倫比亞案反映了國際法院對領土邊界條約解釋的嚴謹態度，並且繼續鞏固和發展了有效控制規則。該案表明在適用等距離／相關情況法對專屬經濟區和大陸架進行劃界時，面積大並擁有大量人口的島嶼應當作為專屬經濟區和大陸架臨時中間線的基點。一個島嶼面積越小，離海岸或其他面積較大的島嶼的距離越遠，越不可能作為專屬經濟區和大陸架臨時中間線的基點。此外，該案還強調不能無視海岸地理情況，隨意地對島嶼作飛地處理。

The ICJ case Territorial and Maritime Dispute (Nicaragua v. Colombia) indicated that the court strictly interprets a territorial delimitation treaty. The effectivites doctrine is further consolidated and developed in the case. With the application of equidistance/relevant circumstances method to delimitate EEZ and continental shelf, it reveals that large islands with a large population should be the base points for a provisional median line. On the contrary, the smaller the island is and the further the distances between it and the mainland or other islands is, the less possibility it could be considered as base points for a provisional median line. The case also emphasize that enclaves should not be recognized without regard to the coastal geography in specific situation.