CISG中的賣方補救權研究

The Seller's Right to Cure under CISG

賣方補救權是CISG中平衡買賣雙方當事人利益的重要機制，在公約違約救濟體系中的地位舉足輕重。補救權基於約定或法律規定產生，後者統一以合理性為其邊界；法定補救權的行使令賣方負擔補救履行的義務，令買方負擔協作義務；補救權能夠影響或者對抗買方與之不相容的救濟選擇，它不僅優先於買方的減價權以及履行請求權，而且決定著損害賠償的最終範圍；此外，不履行被合理補救的可能性以及賣方提供補救的明確意願原則上能夠排除根本違約的構成，從而間接影響買方宣告無效權的成立。通過這一權利的設置，公約確保了賣方賺取原合同下全額價款的第二次機會。

The seller's right to cure is a very important mechanism in CISG balancing the interests of the two parties. Such right finds its basis either on the agreement between the two or on the regulations of the Convention with limitation of reasonableness. The seller's exertion of his statutory right to cure generates an obligation to effect cure on his side and a cooperative obligation on the other. The seller's right to cure affects or defeats the buyer's incompatible remedial choices, it not only takes priority over the buyer's rights to price reduction and specific performance, but also determines the final amount of damage. In addition, there is generally no fundamental breach and consequently no buyer's right to avoid the contract, where the non-performance can be reasonably cured and the seller has explicitly indicated his willingness to offer such cure. By introducing the right to cure, the Convention guarantees the seller a second chance to earn the whole price under the original contract.