傳統中國「拾得遺失物」行為法律規範諸問題

Some Discusses About the Law of Finding Lost Objectsin Traditional China

本文透過梳理傳統中國自先秦至明清對於「拾得遺失物」行為的法律規範，分為「先秦至漢晉」、「唐、宋、元」、「明、清」三個時期，分別探求法律規範中有關於「報酬」設計的用意，從律條設計的角度解讀拾得遺失物行為的性質，同時對部分規範內容進行考證與討論。整體而言，拾得遺失物行為從先秦至明清產生三種變化，分別是盜行意義的淡化、報酬性質的改變、遺失「物」的轉換，而這些變化的關鍵在於《大明律》的制定，這也在一定程度上反映出《大明律》對於錢債觀念的建立。

This article discusses the development about the law of Finding Lost Objects in traditional China. Why people can get reward when found lost objects? When this law be made? How government and people think about this law? As this article says, this law origins from Pre-Qin period, and had a big change in Ming period, not only defined the reward by law, but also transfers from property law to monetary obligation. This change reflects the view of monetary obligation and the lost objects of the Ming government.