戰爭的騷動：奔馳飛行在維吉尼亞．吳爾芙《達洛衛夫人》中的汽車與飛機

War and Its Disturbing Remains: The Car and the Aeroplane in Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway

第一次世界大戰的經驗在維吉尼亞‧吳爾芙的小說《達洛衛夫人》中，過往與現實交糅互出，戰事方遠卻記憶猶新。一九二三年戰後的倫敦是最適合書寫戰紀的時空，藉此得以憑弔當時戰況下的機器、記憶、與日常生活的關聯。本文著力於小說開端，吳爾芙對汽車與飛機的描寫，揭示小說中日常生活與機械的應用，工具與烽火實有雙重暗喻的屬性。本文首先說明二十世紀初，因為科技快速躍進，汽車與飛機這兩種現代交通工具，驅動拓展生活速度與地表空間之事實。開車與搭機，改變了一九二三年當時都會交通的面貌，成為日常生活益趨普遍的移動方式；其次，說明吳爾芙如何暗指兩種交通工具做為烽火表徵的筆法，科技打造了記憶裡方才落幕卻餘悸猶存的機械戰爭，汽車與飛機的負面機械意象，牽引出小說人物騷動惶惑的戰爭記憶。

In Virginia Woolf's Mrs. Dalloway, the First World War sits between actuality and memory, thus offering readers a fit occasion to explore the historicized connections between machines, war memory, and everyday life. This paper focuses on Woolf's description of a motor car and an aeroplane in the opening pages of the novel, regarding the mechanization of everyday life in the novel as both mundane and menacing. On the one hand, the author has looked at how the two are described by Woolf as new modern transport in the early twentieth century. Technology was rapidly advancing at this time to improve and extend life. Motoring and flying in the novel represent two increasingly popular forms of speed that started to change the fabric of urban life in 1923. On the other hand, the author has also examined Woolf's representation of the car and the plane as two fearful objects. Technology had been used to wage a recently finished war of a mechanical kind, and Woolf's dystopian representation of the two machines pertains to the disturbing memories of the war.