環保矽酸鈣板製造、使用之粉塵及重金屬暴露調查

A Survey on Workers’ Exposure to Dusts and Heavy Metals during Manufacturing and Cutting Green Mark Certificated Calcium Silicate Boards

國內矽酸鈣板建材的用量逐年增加，加上近年政府相關單位鼓勵製造廠商生產資源回收 再利用建材，一般事業廢棄物中的飛灰、爐渣等可作為製造環保矽酸鈣板替代材料，惟製造作 業勞工可能吸入含有回收再利用原料的粉塵。雖然廢棄物必須通過環保署毒性特性溶出程序 (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure, TCLP)測試合格方能認定為再生材料利用，惟作業勞 工呼吸吸入的粉塵、重金屬仍可能被人體吸收，不應僅依毒性特性溶出程序方法評估。本研究 就使用回收再利用原料之板材製造作業、切割作業（使用電動工具）進行個人與區域作業環境 測定，以了解勞工可能之粉塵及重金屬暴露的狀況。由環保矽酸鈣板廠作業現場所測得粉塵濃 度，主要以裁切作業區最高，達0.269 mg/m3，全部測點之平均總粉塵濃度為0.138 mg/m3，平 均可呼吸性粉塵濃度為0.096 mg/m3。在環保矽酸鈣板廠使用再生材料中，再生材料A鎳含量 375 mg/kg、砷含量87.2 mg/kg；再生材料B銅含量145 mg/kg、鎳含量80.0 mg/kg，砷含量75.0 mg/kg；再生材料C鎳含量70.0 mg/kg。雖然後續於作業現場勞工重金屬暴露採樣濃度均未檢 出，惟未來廠方若增加或改變再生原料使用種類及劑量時，仍應密切注意。

The need of the calcium silicate board (reinforced with selected fibers and fillers, mainly made from cement, quartz sand and reinforced fiber) have been increased year by year. With government encourage manufacturers to use recycle materials for producing building materials in recent years, the recycle industrial by-product such as fly ash and slag can be used as alternative materials to the boards manufacturing. Labors in manufacturing workplaces and decorating the construction site for boards cutting operation may inhalant dust which containing recycled raw materials. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) is conducted by Taiwan Environmental Protection Admistration (TEPA) to exam these heavy metal-containing recycle materials from waste. It is necessary for wastes to pass TCLP tests before reusing. However, worker’s exposure from heavy metals is considered as dust inhalation not TCLP tests. The survey on workers’ exposure to dusts and heavy metals during boards manufacturing and cutting work (using electric circular saw) is conducted by onsite dust sampling. Results from dusts exposure sampling showed that the average total dust concentration in the factory is 0.138 mg/m3, the average respirable dust concentration is 0.096 mg/m3. The maximum total dust concentration is observed in cutting area as 0.269 mg/m3. Furthermore, results from heavy metal analyses revealed that the recycled material A containing Ni 375 mg/kg, As 87.2 mg/kg; the recycled material B containing Cu 145 mg/kg, Ni 80.0 mg/kg, As 75.0 mg/kg; the recycled material B containing Ni 70.0 mg/kg. Nevertheless, the results on workers’ exposure to heavy metals during boards manufacturing and cutting work showed all the heavy metal concentration is below detection limit. It is worth notice to pay attention on recycled materials usage increase and change.