污水下水道工程職災分析及安全管理機制研究

A Study of Occupational Accidents and Safety Management Mechanism in the Sewage Sewer Project

污水下水道為現代化國家不可或缺之公共設施之一，我國遲至十餘年前才逐漸重視及有計畫的展開污水下水道興建計畫。由於興建污水下水道為地下工程，勞工們在艱困環境下辛勞作業，風險極高，近年已陸續發生重大職災造成勞工犧牲，且似有增加的趨勢，本研究蒐集國內89年至96年汙水下水道工程相關之重大職業災害案例，分析災害類型、深探發生原因、推估關鍵因子，顯示災害特性與趨勢以局限空間作業缺氧、中毒及墜落為主，並從管理面強調從工程主管機關、施工營運廠商、監造公司及勞動檢查機構等之四足鼎力共同監督合作模式，採取輔導協助、權責分明、優獎劣罰等之有效策略，未來可以本研究成果為基礎，延伸調查研究污水下水道工程作業勞工之職業衛生危害特性及預防改善策略。

The underground sewerage is indispensable for the one kind of modernization of national public facilities. Until ten years ago, our government has gradually expanded the attention on the project of sewer construction. To construct the sewage sewer, the laborers are at the risk of toiling all day in the touch environment. It seems to be an increasing trend for labors, in recent years, that the injure under working induced the labor sacrifice. So it is urgent to make sure on how to work in the effective mechanism with safe and healthy conditions. This study focuses on the domestic, occupational injure cases related to the sewage works from 2000 to 2007, totally eight years. In addition to the analysis of disaster types, to explore the causes of the occurrence, to estimate the key factors, we also summed up the fact that characteristics and trends of disaster are mainly confined to the hypoxia, poisoning and falls at work. Such method focuses on the cooperation mechanism existing among the director agencies, the manufacturers of construction, and the agencies of labor supervision. Furthermore, the factors related to the counseling assistance, accountability and to keep strictly the rules for reward and punishment will be helpful for labors, working in the sewage, to avoid the injure, like the hypoxia poisoning, the free falling, and the drowning hazard. Such protection provides the high possibility for labors to work in the peace of mind and in safety.