在台外籍學生飲食適應經驗之研究

The Adjustment of Dining Experience of Foreign Students in Taiwan

本研究針對外籍學生在台期間飲食生活部分作一詮釋，探究台灣飲食環境讓他們產生哪些印象，解析其在台飲食適應之經驗。對象為就讀台中三所大學（逢甲、東海、靜宜）附設之華語文中心的外籍學生，以質性焦點團體訪談及深度訪談的方式蒐集資料，從中分析台灣飲食適應經驗的認知面、情感面與行為面。結果發現外籍學生普遍對台灣飲食認知薄弱，台灣飲食主體性仍有待發揮。再者，飲食在外籍學生跨文化生活中扮演解鄉愁的處方，又若其飲食經驗美好，文化適應的程度也將隨之提升。最後，美食味覺來自學習，意即隨外籍學生在台生活時間越長，越有機會體驗台灣飲食，進而懂得如何品味台灣味。飲食經驗的三個向度中，認知面影響情感面與行為面，透露外籍學生因應飲食壓力及學習台灣飲食文化之軌跡；而情感面與行為面互為影響，可藉其一致的適應程度瞭解外籍學生是否產生台灣飲食認同感，藉由上述的關係鏈可解讀外籍學生於跨文化情境下如何面對異國飲食的適應歷程。且飲食文化相似性與外籍學生的台灣飲食認同度在本研究中並無對等關聯，是故台灣美食推廣國際化時，應避免遷就大眾味覺而失去台灣本色的無謂調整。

The purpose of the current study was to investigate foreign students’ adjustment of dining experience in Taiwan. These students came from the language centers of Fongchia, Tonghai and Providence University. This study adopted both focus-group discussion and in-depth interview to gather the information, and followed by the thematic analysis to analyze the text as a whole. The results showed that: in cognitive aspect, most foreign students had little cognition of Taiwanese food, so the essence of Taiwanese food should be improved; moreover, in affect aspect, food is a kind of prescription of calming homesickness of foreign students; finally, in behavioral aspect, the sense of delicacy taste come by learning, so that the longer of duration of stay in Taiwan would help adjustment. There is no interrelation between the food culture of foreign students’ country which was similar to Taiwan and the reactions to Taiwanese food, so it is unnecessary to adjust the Taiwanese flavor to cater to the taste of the mass. This research expects to understand the role of Taiwanese food in foreign students’ culture adjustment process, and to find out the cross-cultural tourists’ need on foreign cuisine in terms of sojourners’ food experience.