應用 Malmquist 生產力指數於臺灣區自來水事業區處的效率評估

Using the Malmquist Production Index to Evaluate the Efficiency of Water Supply Region in Taiwan

本研究利用臺灣區自來水十三個區處（省自來水公司十二個區處與臺北自來水事業處一個區處）八十七年至九十一年間的二項投入項（員額人數、固定資產）與三項產出項（計費水量、用戶數、水費收入）資料，透過Malmquist生產力指數資料，評估各區處的效率分析，並提出改善方向，以做為管理者的參考。SBM效率分析與整體技術效率分析得知各區處均有成本浪費現象，應減少投入或增加產出，使各區處達到有效率。純技術效率分析發現91年純技術效率平均值都比往年高，表示技術有提高的傾向。規模效率分析發現必須同時透過改善投入、產出的比率與調整生產規模，才能達到有效率境界。根據混合效率分析，可由調整投入與產出的配合、或調整規模、或調整投入與產出的比率，以提昇經營效率。根據差額變數分析，建議管理者在投入與產出項數量上，應作改善。根據Malmquist生產力指數分析，將臺灣區自來水各區處的經營型態，分為四種類型：（1）不負所託型、（2）奮發向上型、（3）老天保佑型、（4）坐吃山空型，並提供改進建議，期使自來水事業的資源更能有效運用，充分發揮組織效能。

This study is to investigate the evaluation of efficiency of 13 regions of water supply regions(twelve regions of Taiwan Water Corporation and one of Taipei Water Department) on Malmquistproduction index from 1998 to 2002. Two inputs (number of employees and fixed assets) and threeoutputs (quantity of billed water, number of consumer units and water revenues) are used. The results canprovide the directions of improvement for managers. According to the SBM efficiency analysis andaggregative technical efficiency analysis, the research finds all regions waste their costs, so they shoulddecrease the inputs or increase the outputs to make all regions efficient. By the pure technology analysis,the mean of pure efficiency in 2002 is higher than the past, and it shows the technology has beenenhanced. Based on the scale efficiency analysis, it must improve the input, the ratio of the output, andadjust the scale of productivity to increase the efficiency. The mixed efficiency analysis advises to adjustthe mix of the inputs and outputs or the scale or the ratio of the inputs and outputs to enhance themanagement efficiency. The slack variables analysis suggests managers should improve the numbers ofinputs and outputs. According to the Malmquist product quotient analysis, all regions of all Taiwan WaterCorporation could be classified to four types: (1) Completely- Accomplishment (2) Working- Hard (3)God-bless (4) prodigal-son. The research not only analyzes the management efficiency of all regions, butalso provides the suggestions to make the use of resources effective, and enhances the productivity andthe service quality to extend the organization effectiveness.