文化區異或文化雜食？──以Bouridieu觀點分析大高雄地區民眾藝文參與和階級再製

Distinction or Omnivorousness? -- An Analysis of Cultural Participation and Class Reproduction in Kaohsiung from the Perspective of Pierre Bourdieu

本研究聚焦於階級政治的文化面向，主要研究問題有四：一、瞭解大高雄地區居民藝文參與的類型與數量；二、探討影響文化品味的可能因素；三、檢測影響藝文參與類型與數量的可能因素；四、評估藝文參與的文化區異與階級再製結果。研究透過問卷調查以釐清高雄藝文參與的前因後果，與Bourdieu的理論對話，分析不同資本與品味導致的文化區異，以及文化區異可能造成的階級再製。研究結果發現，受訪者最常接觸的藝文類型為音樂、電影與動畫。迴歸分析顯示，文化資本影響藝文活動的參與類型與數量，而藝文參與又區隔出階級認同的差異，並再製既有文化資本優勢，還帶動與社會資本之間的流轉。整體而言，大高雄地區受訪者擁有不同的資本組成與資本量傾向於接觸不同的藝文類型，而文化資本的多寡又正向地顯著影響藝文參與的多樣程度，文化區異與文化雜食兩現象並存，藝文參與也造成某些階級區異與階級再製效果。

Focusing upon cultural politics of class relations, this study uses the case of Kaohsiung to explore into four major research questions: How do people participate in cultural activities? What are the possible factors that have influenced cultural taste? What are significant variables related to the quality and quantity of cultural participation? And to what extent there do exist distinction and class reproduction? Data have been collected through a citywide telephone random survey and analyzed from the perspective of Pierre Bourdieu to sort out the causes and consequences of cultural participation. Statistic results show that music, movie and animation are the most popular cultural activities and they are regarded as the very cultural industries that should be fully promoted by the government as well. Cultural capital, according to regression analyses, determines the quality and quantity of cultural participation, whereas cultural participation has further demarcated the difference of class identities, reproduced existing cultural advantage, and facilitated the exchange between cultural capital and social capital. Overall speaking, the composition and volume of cultural capital and economic capital are related to the quality of cultural participation. The volume of cultural capital has positive correlation with the quantity of cultural participation. Distinction, thus, works with cultural omnivorousness side by side, and the outcomes of cultural participation in return have led to certain kinds of class identification and class reproduction.