論非治療性微整型美容與消費者保護法之適用

A Study on Non-Therapeutic Micro Cosmetic Surgery and its Appropriateness of Applying Consumer Protection Act

近數十年來，於醫療實務最顯著的趨勢之一，即為「美容醫學」產業之興起，其中尤以光電性和針劑注射性為主之微整型美容最受青睞。惟隨著此類非治療性微整型美容迅速普及，相關醫療糾紛出現之頻率亦逐年攀升，從而在醫政管理上，衛生福利部欲進一步對於相關執業人員之資格、技術訓練等加強管制，力圖針對美容醫學領域之亂象進行整頓。在現行法規之框架下，實務見解多認為狹義醫療行為並無消費者保護法之適用，以免醫師出於自保心態，而傾向選擇不具危險性之醫療方式，卻捨棄對病患較為適宜、有積極成效但卻帶有較高不確定風險之治療方式；但此一考量若置於因微整型美容而產生之醫療糾紛，是否合理，猶存有討論空間。有鑒於此，本文首先擬就微整型美容加以定性，亦即分析微整型美容是否屬於一項醫療行為，並比較微整型美容與狹義醫療行為在本質上之異同，在此基礎上反思將醫療行為加以類型化，並區別進行法律評價之必要性。其次，本文欲藉由兩則論點相歧異之地方法院判決，觀察實務第一線對於此類醫療糾紛是否適用消費者保護法之立場，並嘗試分析其思考脈絡與各自所提出之論據是否合理，目的在於審視：將消費者保護法適用於已偏離狹義醫療行為本質之微整型美容，其妥適性是否充分，並據此再次確認將醫療行為區別評價之實益。

In recent decades, the rise of aesthetic medicine has become a significant trend in medicine. In particular, micro-plastic surgery, including optical and injection treatments, is the most favored choice for patients. With the rapid popularization of the non-therapeutic micro-plastic surgery, related medical disputes are increasing every year. While Ministry of Health and Welfare attempts to tighten control over professional expertise and technical training to the related practitioners, it is still unclear about how to solve the medical lawsuits resulted from micro cosmetic surgery in the current legal environment. Traditionally, opinions of the court incline to the view that the general medical treatment is not applicable to Customer Protection Law for it may encourage a doctor, in order to protect him/herself from any possible medical disputes, to choose a low-risk treatment instead of a proper, effective but high-risk treatment. But the following question is whether the argument still holds in the cases of micro cosmetic surgery. In view of this, the study first tries to define the characteristics of micro cosmetic surgery - if it is a medical treatment and how it is different from general medical treatment. And I will further discuss if it is necessary to categorize medical treatments and to make a proper legal assessment for each of them. Then by analyzing two judgments with different perspectives on the issue, the study will explore their standpoints and arguments about whether Costumer Protection Act can be applied to the medical disputes from micro cosmetic surgery. In the conclusion, hopefully we can see more clearly about if the application is appropriate and what benefit it creates from distinguishing legal interpretation and evaluation to different cases.