比較中老年與非中老年智障服務使用者支持需求與生活品質

Supportive Needs and Quality of Life Among Service Users with Intellectual Disability: Comparison of Users Above and Below the Age of 45

以「支持強度量表」（Supports Intensity Scale, SIS）及「個人成果量表」（Personal Outcome Scale, POS）為評量工具，比較中老年（≧45 歲）與非中老年（＜45 歲）智障服務使用者支持強度需求（SIS）及生活品質（POS），並探討兩組SIS 與POS 影響因素。於2012 年4-7 月針對37 個單位（全日型住宿、6 人以下社區居住及其他社區服務）面對面訪談智障服務使用者本人，有效問卷784 份。以迴歸分析性別、年齡、是否有其他障別、生活活動功能量表（Activity of Daily Living, ADL）及工具式生活活動量表（Instrumental Activity of Daily Living, IADL）、服務模式（自變項）和SIS 及POS（依變項）之關係。比較非中老年者，發現中老年智障者SIS 顯著高、POS 顯著低。迴歸分析發現，中老年者有其他障別及ADL功能低者，其SIS 較無其他障別及ADL 功能高者顯著低；ADL 和IADL高、非使用全日型服務者（社區居住或日托）其POS 較ADL 和IADL 低及全日型使用者顯著高。本研究建議針對中老年智能障礙者，尤其多重障礙者、ADL 功能低者、使用全日型服務者，其支持強度需求及生活品質提升，當被優先重視。

Using Supports Intensity Scale (SIS) and Personal Outcomes Scale (POS) as assessment tools to compare the support needs and quality of life (QoL) between two groups of service users with intellectual disability (ID), namely those aged ＜45 and ≧45, as well as to examine the impact factors of their support needs and QoL. Face-to-face interviews with adults with ID in 37 service units (institutions, community living units under 6 residents, day activity centers, etc.) between April and July in 2012; 784 adults with ID completed the interview. The regression analysis used SIS and POS as the dependent variables; gender, age, whether having multiple disabilities (MD), ADL, IADL, and service models served as the independent variables. The results indicated that the group aged ≧45 had significantly higher scores in SIS and lower scores in POS in comparison with the group aged ＜45. Regression analyses found that ageing adults (≧45) with MD and/or low ADL functioning scores had significantly lower SIS scores in comparison to those who do not have MD and/or high ADL scores. Those with high ADL and IADL scores, and residing in community living units had significantly higher POS scores than those who had low ADL and IADL scores and reside in institutions. The support needs and QoL of ageing adults with ID, particularly those living in institutions with MD and low ADL scores, should be the first priority in providing care.