著作權延伸性集體管理制度的移植

TRANSPLANTATION OF AN EXTENDED COLLECTIVE LICENSING SYSTEM IN CHINA

著作權延伸性集體管理制度已成功地在北歐地區運行了超過50年並取得了巨大的社會成效。在中國著作權法的第三次修改工作中，立法者嘗試將該制度引入我國的著作權法體系中，並在三次公佈的草案中對該制度進行了調整。然而，延伸性集體管理制度的可行性引發了巨大的爭議，這些爭議主要集中於集體管理組織的代表性、對於非會 員權利人的保護以及糾紛解決機制方面。本文作者認為延伸性集體管理制度在實踐中能夠很好地解決著作權授權問題，然而立法者在移植該制度時仍應當對於幾個方面的問題加以重視。

The extended collecting licensing (ECL) has been implemented in the Nordic countries for more than fifty years with great success and social benefits. In the latest draft amendment of the Copyright Law of China, the legislators attempted to introduce such copyright management mechanism into China. Three consecutive drafts provided the system in detail. However, this also led to widespread controversy in terms of the feasibility of this system. Debates mainly concerned about the representativeness of the collecting societies, the protection of non- member right holders and the dispute resolution mechanism. The author of this article maintains that the ECL system in practice helps solve the problem of copyright licensing, but the legislators shall be cautious in several aspects during the transplantation.