河南省的農業合作化運動，1949-1962：兼與Ralph Thaxon, Catastrophe and Contention in Rural China一書商榷

The Collectivization of Agriculture in Henan, 1949-1962: With a Review of Ralph Thaxon's Catastrophe and Contention in Rural China

學者Ralph Thaxton主張豫北地區的農民長期以來依賴土鹽貿易補足生存，即使農村裡的富人也尊重窮人的基本生存權利。但是現代國家的入侵，破壞了土鹽貿易，威脅農民的基本生存權利。1949 年以前農民與中共合作，推翻破壞土鹽貿易的國民黨政權。大躍進以後農民則訴諸吃青等日常生活的抗爭，阻擾國家對農村的榨取，迫使國家讓步。本文擬重新探究1949-1962 年間河南省農業合作化運動的發展歷程，同時檢驗上述Ralph Thaxton的論點。

According to Ralph Thaxton, peasants in North Henan had relied on earth salt market for supplementing subsistence for a long time. Despite the fact that the rich respected the basic subsistence rights of rural poor, the intrusion of modern state dismantled the earth salt market and threatened the basic subsistence rights of peasants. Before 1949, villagers in North Henan supported the Chinese Communist Party to overthrow the Nationalist government that destroyed the earth salt market. After the Great Leap Forward, villagers employed everyday resistance to effectively resist the claims of Mao's China. This article will investigate the evolution of the collectivization of agriculture in Henan province in 1949-1962 and review the viewpoint of Ralph Thaxton.