臺灣汽車貨櫃貨運業之作業風險管理－－以個案公司為例

A Case Study on Operational Risk Management for Inland Container Trucking Companies in Taiwan

臺灣由於土地面積小，在貨櫃貨物國際複合運輸的過程中，內陸運送段多採用公路運送，因此是否能順利完成貨物的「戶對戶」運輸，汽車貨櫃貨運業就扮演著相當重要的角色。但在內陸運輸作業過程中，風險事故時有所聞，這些風險事故造成業者營運損失，削減企業的利潤。本研究主要目的係以制式化安全評估模式，對高雄某專營整櫃貨汽車運輸業者之運輸作業，提供風險管理建議：透過風險辨識、衡量，及風險策略的成本效益分析，最後給予具成本效益的風險策略建議。研究結果可提供案例公司參考，並有助於相同性質企業對風險的瞭解與管理。研究發現個案公司運輸作業風險最高的前三項因素分別是(1)交櫃、領櫃、還櫃的作業時間太長、(2)駕駛員工作時間負荷及壓力大、(3)可攜式導航裝置作業當機的問題。對於這三項因素給予的最具成本效益策略分別是(1)建議貨櫃裝卸業者改善作業效率、(2)加強勞工教育訓練、替員工增購團體保險、並幫員工規劃假日放鬆活動、(3)落實定期檢查及維護處理計畫。

As Taiwan's land area is very limited, its inland containers movement, one of the major elements in intermodal transport, is heavily dependent on its container trucking companies. The inland container trucking company is a key player in making the ＂door to door＂ transportation possible during the multi-modal transportation processes. Sometimes risk accidents occur and cause both direct and indirect loss to the service provider during road transportation. Therefore, the inland container trucking companies should actively employ risk management models to make their operation sustainable in the long run. This research uses formal safety assessment (FSA) model to evaluate the operational risks of a container trucking company in Kaohsiung. FSA model is used to identify and assess the possible risk factors of the container trucking company. The risk management strategies are provided and Subjective Risk Cost-Benefit Index (SRCBI) is calculated. Other container trucking operators can use this research model as a reference to formulate their own risk management strategies. In summary, we discovered that the three high risk factors encountered by inland container trucking companies are: (1) excessive time taken during container handling, (2) long working hours and heavy work stress suffered the driver, and (3) malfunction in portable navigation devices (PND). The most cost effective strategies to deal problems raised from these three factors are provided as follows: (1) encouraging container yard operators to improve their efficiency and reducing truck drivers, waiting time, (2) improving worker's training, purchasing group insurance for employees, and planning weekend activities for employees, and (3) employing scheduled maintenance for PND.