機場私有化政策對營運效率之影響－－以英國為例

The Impact of Airport Privatisation on Airport Operational Efficiency: Evidence from the UK

國營或國有公司一直以來被人討論無法提供良好的公司營運效率，也無法有效地節省成本。本研究將以機場私有化政策作為研究主軸並以英國的機場作為例子。機場私有化政策首先始於英國從1997 年至今已實行大約20 年的時間。過去有許多研究已採用資料包絡分析(Data Envelopment Analysis) 進行分析並提出相關結論指出，私有化並無法有效提升營運效率。因此本研究將採用相同的分析方法與指標但延長資料期間，來探討是否如前人研究所言私有化並無法有效提升營運效率，亦或是綜效尚未顯現。本研究結果顯示在經過多年營運後，私有機場確實能有效提升營運效率。其內容也可作為目前國內港務公司或其他國營公司私有化的借鏡。

A shift of ownership of public transportation to private sectors has been taking place for over two decades. Under this trend in the UK, the British Airports Authority (BAA) has become a publicly listed company and regional airports were sold to the private sector in 1980s. Since then, there has been an opportunity to assess the impact of these changes on the privatised airports, performance. A previous study in 1997 applied a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to evaluate UK airports efficiency and the research concluded that airport privatisation policy had not benefited the operational efficiency of BAA. The aim of this study is to apply the same method and indicators but with an extended data period (1997/98 ~ 2008/09) to investigate if the impacts of privatisation are more long term in nature. The results of this study show that the improvement of BAA airports, operational efficiency resulted from British airport privatisation policy is greater between 1997/98 ~ 2008/09 than the period between 1987/88 ~ 1995/96.