她們不是我們？分析台灣的民族主義者反大陸移民之態度

Aren't They Part of Us? Opposition to Chinese Migrants among Taiwan's Nationalists

兩岸互動日趨頻繁，大陸來台人數日增，挑戰著台灣既有族群之間的分野，更衝擊台灣國家成員的界定。過去研究普遍認為台灣民族主義者和大陸移民之間存在著緊張關係，本研究認為，台灣不同的民族主義，牽涉到對台灣和中國的認同方向的差異，更涉及到認定國家成員組成的內涵的不同，這些不同面向都影響台灣民眾對待大陸人民的態度。就認同方向而言，台灣意識越強者，越可能反對大陸移民。然而，即使是具有強烈的台灣意識者，對國家成員界定的基礎不盡相同，其對大陸移民態度便可能有所不同。國家認同的基礎中，越是強調對政治共同體的公民式認同相對於強調歷史文化的族群式認同者，越可能接納大陸移民。探究台灣民族主義和反大陸移民的關係，本文採用「台灣社會變遷基本調查第六期第四次：國家認同組」資料，區分民族主義的方向（台灣／中國）與內涵（族群／公民），並建構四種民族主義的組合，透過模型分析顯示：在不同的民族主義類型之中，族群式台灣民族主義最為排斥大陸移民，公民式中國民族主義最接納大陸移民；然而，更值得關注的是，族群式中國民族主義相較於公民式台灣民族主義，可能更為排斥陸配來台以及懷疑其認同忠誠。簡言之，研究發現台灣民族主義不一定總是排斥大陸移民，而中國民族主義也不一定總是悅納大陸移民。

Mainlander spouses as migrant groups challenge the core ethnic composition and the boundaries of national community in Taiwan. Past studies have observed that Taiwan nationalists were often associated with negative attitudes toward mainland migrants. This study, however, argues that even for the strongest Taiwan identifiers, attitudes toward mainland migrants are deeply affected by perceptions of who are qualified to be nation members and what constitute the substances of their national identities. Those with a strong ethnic, historical and cultural national identity are more likely to oppose mainland migrants compared to those with a civic, political, and institutional national identity. This study explores the relationship between Taiwan nationalism and opposition to mainland migrants using the「Taiwan Social Change Survey: National Identity Module 2013」dataset. We classified respondents into four types of nationalists. Our models showed that ethnic-Taiwanese nationalists were most likely to oppose mainland spouses and civic-Chinese nationalists were least likely to oppose them. More notably, ethnic-Chinese nationalists were more likely to exclude mainland spouses and question their national loyalty -than Taiwanese nationalists. In short, Taiwanese nationalists are not always hostile to mainland migrants, whereas Chinese nationalists are not always accommodating to mainland migrants.