幼兒攻擊行為、社會技巧與父母教養方式之相關研究

A Study of the Relationship Between Young Children's Aggression, Social Skills, and Parenting Styles

本研究探討幼兒攻擊行為、社會技巧與父母教養方式之關係研究。以臺南市公立幼兒園幼兒為研究對象，採用問卷調查。研究結果有五：（一）臺南市公立幼兒有低度的攻擊行為，偏高的社會技巧，父母教養方式以民主威信型佔最多數。（二）男生外顯攻擊顯著高於女生；年齡與攻擊無顯著差異。（三）自我控制技巧、交友技巧及自我表現技巧與攻擊行為有部分顯著相關。（四）父親、母親專制權威型及母親民主威信型與外顯攻擊有顯著相關。（五）自我控制技巧、交友技巧可有效預測攻擊行為，其中自我控制技巧對攻擊行為的預測力最大，父親及母親專制權威型可有效預測「外顯攻擊」。

This study investigated child aggression, social skills, and parenting styles by administering questionnaires at public preschools in Tainan, Taiwan. A stratified cluster random sampling method was adopted to recruit participants and 487 valid questionnaires were retrieved. The following research instruments were employed: Overt Aggression Scale, Relational Aggression Scale, Children's Social Skills Scale, and Parenting Styles And Dimension Questionnaire. A statistical analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, a t test, chi-squared test, Pearson's correlation, and regression analysis. The research results are as follows: 1. The children exhibited low aggression and high social skills, and most of their parents adopted an authoritative parenting style. 2. Regarding the demographic variables, the boys were significantly more aggressive than the girls were, but age had a nonsignificant influence on their level of aggression. 3. Among the social skill variables, self-control, friend-making, and self-expression skills were significantly negatively correlated with overall aggression and overt aggression. All social skills and significantly negative correlation was observed between the self-control skill and relational aggression. 4. Regarding parenting styles, a positive correlation was observed between the authoritarian parenting style, patriarchal and maternal authoritarian parenting style and overt aggression; in particular, authoritative parenting style and maternal authoritative parenting style was negatively correlated with overt aggression. No significant correlation was observed between the parenting style variables and relational aggression. 5. Self-control and friend-making skills can effectively predicted overall aggression, overt aggression, and relational aggression. In particular, the self-control skill attained the largest predictive power for aggression. Patriarchal authoritarian and maternal authoritarian parenting styles effectively predicted child overt aggression.