台灣中部青少年的肥胖度與運動型態、生活模式及性激素的相關性

Relevance of Early Teenager Obesity and Physical Activity, Lifestyle, and Sex Hormones in Central Taiwan

背景：在臺灣超重和肥胖青少年的數量在最近幾十年迅速地增加了，但主要風險因素未仔細探查。我們的目的將評估超重及肥胖青少年食物、運動及生活方式的狀況。方法：從臺中市不同的國中使用任意和群集抽樣方法篩選出大約每年級200個人。總共587個早期青少年（51%男孩和49%女孩），年齡在12和15歲之間，參加了這項研究，包括查詢表，基本的體格檢查和血液的生化學測試。結果：在檢測以後，大約25%青少年超重或肥胖（以年齡為基準大於85%為過重，大於95% BMI為肥胖）。男孩的比例 (27.3%)高於女孩(23.5%)，p< 0.05。男孩有代謝症候群的約7%和女孩則是2.5%。隨著年齡的增加，不論性別，肥胖的比例和代謝症候群在高年級的國中生高於較低的年級。青少年壞的生活行為模式與肥胖相關，是缺乏適當強度的運動（一星期<3個小時，p <0.05），花費過多時間使用網際網路（> 2小時／天，p< 0.05）和過多含糖飲料（一星期>5杯，p< 0.05）。肥胖的女孩有最少運動時間和攝取最多的含糖飲料，但肥胖男孩在網際網路上花費了較多時間。性激素檢測方面，較瘦的女生的雄激素似乎有較低的傾向，肥胖的男生則有較低的雄性激素，這組的睡眠時間也是較短的（< 6小時／天，p< 0.05）。結論：在這次代表性研究，缺乏適度的運動和攝取許多含糖飲料是青少年的肥胖病的主要原因。不足夠的睡眠和在網上花費太多的時間是其他兩個需要注意的風險。

Background: The number of overweight or obese early teenagers has increased rapidly in the past decade in Taiwan, but the main risk factors for this have not been determined. Our objective was to evaluate food intake, exercise, and lifestyle in overweight or obese early teenagers. Methods: We used random and cluster sampling methods to screen approximately 200 teenagers from different grades at junior high schools in Taichung, Taiwan. A total of 587 early teenagers (51% boys, 49% girls; aged 12-15 years) participated in this study, which included questionnaire, physical, and blood chemistry evaluations. Results: \Approximately 25% of the subjects met the criteria for overweight or obese (based on 85% or 95% of the body mass index for age, respectively). The proportion of boys was higher than girls (27.3% vs 23.5%; P < 0.05). Approximately 7% of boys and 2.5% of girls had metabolic syndrome. The prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome in early teenagers of higher grades was much higher than that in those of lower grades. Behavior relating to obesity included a lack of exercise of moderate to vigorous intensity (< 3 h/wk; P < 0.05), computer use (> 2 h/day; P < 0.05), and intake of sugarcontaining drinks (soft drinks; > 5/wk; P < 0.05). Obese girls reported the least amount of exercise and the highest consumption of sugar-containing drinks, and obese boys spent more time on the computer. Obese boys had low androgen levels, but thin girls also had low androgen levels. These 2 groups also reported shorter sleep times (< 6 h/day; P < 0.05, P < 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Lack of exercise and excessive intake of sugar-containing drinks, as well as amount of sleep and time spent on the computer, are associated with early teenager obesity in Taiwan.