孤寂感的概念分析

A Concept Analysis

國內外有許多相關文獻探討因孤寂感對疾病的影響以及導致更多的健康問題，然而卻很少對孤寂感進行概念分析。因此，本文使用Walker及Avant（2005）概念分析的步驟檢視孤寂感（loneliness）概念的鑑定性特徵，以典型、邊緣、相反及相關案例、前因後果、以及實證性工具等作說明。經資料分析後，確定孤寂感的鑑定性特徵為：（1）是一種主觀且持久的負向情緒；（2）個人感受疏離與落寞；（3）人際脈絡不足與社交關係缺乏；（4）會引起身體外觀與行為的改變。期望分析結果能增進護理人員及相關醫療團隊成員對「孤寂感」概念有進一步之認識，並運用於臨床照護中。

A great deal of relevant literature explores the influence of loneliness on health –related problems, but only a few articles have analyzed the concept of loneliness. Therefore, we used the technique of concept analysis, as described by Walker and Avant (2005), to apply the same definition and same type of communication to the same area. The steps used include the conceptual definition of loneliness, a determination of its defining attributes, a model case, the identification of its borders, analysis of contradictory and related cases, and the identification of antecedents, consequences and empirical referents. By review and analysis of related literature, we found that the defined characteristics of loneliness were the following: (1) it is a subjective experience involving a prolong negative mood; (2) it is a personal feeling of being solitary and isolated; (3) it is a lack of interpersonal relationships and social interactions; (4) it causes changes in the outward appearance of the person and in their behavior. It is hope that this article will help nurses and other health professionals to gain a better understanding of the concept of loneliness, and that they will be able to apply the results from this conceptual analysis of loneliness in the provision of clinical practice and health care.