醫學中心門診候診病患之衛生教育需求探討

Health Educational Needs of Patients’ Waiting Time at Outpatient clinics in Medical Center

本研究之主要目的為：(1)了解醫學中心門診病患對衛生教育內容之需求。(2)了解醫學中心門診病患對衛生教育在時間及實施方式之需求。(3)比較不同人口學變項在門診候診病患衛生教育內容需求之差異。研究以彰化縣某醫學中心24科門診候診病患為對象進行衛生教育需求之橫斷面調查，共收得498名有效樣本進行分析。以自擬式結構問卷進行病患人口學特質與衛生教育需求之資料收集，問卷之效度採專家內容效度，CVI值介於75%-100% ，信度則採內容一致性檢測（Cronbach’α），α介於.9421-9636。以SPSS 11.0統計軟體進行分析，結果顯示：（1）衛生教育內容需要可分為一般保健與特殊疾病照護，病患對整體一般保健主題之需要性介於47.8%-82.9%，認為最需要依序前三名分別為：疾病導因與預防、正確使用藥物的知識、健康檢查。而在特殊疾病照護主題的需要性則介於22.2%-58.7%，認為最需要依序前三名分別為：內分泌科、心臟血管科、心身內科。（2）78.8％的門診病患認為在候診時應提供衛生教育相關的資訊；平均期望衛教的時間為16.2分；期望的衛教方式以醫師的演講比率最高，其次為看錄影帶或光碟。（3）不同人口學變項在門診衛生教育的需求上各有不同的差異。本研究結果未來可提供門診衛教推行內容、方式、與時間之參考。

The purposes of this study were：(1)describe the contents of health education at outpatient clinics in medical center, (2)find out the feasible way and expect time of health education for outpatient, and (3)compare the differences of health educational needs and demographic characteristics. A cross sectional survey were conducted and total of 498 subjects for analyzed of a medical center in ChangHua country. A self designed questionnaire was used and it concluded demographic variables, and educational needs. Content validity and internal reliability were done. CVI are between 75%-100%, and Cronbach’s α are between .9421-.9636. Statistical analysis will be done using SPSS version 11.0. The results showed：（1）Health educational content needs divided into general health care and special disease care. Overall general health care needs were between 47.8%- 82.9%, the highest need were etiology and prevention of disease, followed by knowledge of correct drug use, and health examination. Overall special disease care need are between 22.2% - 58.7%, the highest need they hope is endocrine system, followed by cardiovascular system, and mind and body's internal medicine.(2) 78.8% outpatient thought it’s necessary to supply health education in clinics. The expected average time is 16.2 minutes. The highest expectation education patterns were doctors’ lecture, looking video or CD. (3) There were differences between demographic variables and health education in Outpatient Department. This survey significantly showed the application of further outpatient health education.