乳癌的流行病學特徵及危險因子

Epidemiological Characteristics and Risk Factors of Breast Cancer

臺灣雖然是低乳癌發生率的國家，但是發生率卻逐年上升，在1999年乳癌已成爲台灣婦女好發癌症的第二位。本文首先回顧乳癌發生率的國際比較、種族及移民比較、長期趨勢、年齡曲線，並和台灣的發生率進行比較。其次綜論近十年來國內外有關乳癌危險因子的文獻，結果發現有乳癌家族史、曾罹患非典型細胞變化的良性乳房疾病、第一次生育年齡、初經年齡、停經年齡及停經後肥胖等因素，都和乳癌之發生有顯著相關。至於哺餵母乳、女性荷爾蒙補充治療、停經前肥胖等因素和乳癌的相關性，則有不一致的研究結果。口服避孕藥、飮食脂肪含量、抽煙及喝酒，則和乳癌之發生無關。

Taiwan is an area with low breast cancer incidence, but the rate is increasing, and since 1999 breast cancer had been the number two incident cancer of female in Taiwan. The first part of our review collects the epidemiological characteristics of breast cancer, including international variation, ethnic and migrant variation, temporal variation and age variation, then comparing those data with the epidemiology of Taiwan. The second part of our article reviews recent ten year studies about risk factors of breast cancer; positive family history of breast cancer, benign breast disease with atypical hyperplasia, age at first full term pregnancy, age at menarche, age at menopause and postmenopausal obesity are found to be significantly associated with breast cancer; there are inconsistent results about the association of breast cancer and lactation, hormone replacement therapy and premenopausal obesity; oral contraceptives, dietary fat, smoking and alcohol are found not associated with breast cancer.