德布西音樂的「新藝術」特質：以慕夏作品為例

The Characteristics of Art Nouveau in the Music of Debussy: Based on Works of Mucha

捷克藝術家慕夏（Alphonse Mucha, 1860-1939）常被譽為「新藝術」（Art Nouveau）的代言人，其作品風格有著多元的身影，從植基法國的「洛可可」（Rococo）與「象徵主義」（Symbolism）、「異國風情」（Exoticism）的「阿拉伯風」（Arabesques）與「日本風」（Japonisme）、再到充滿捷克斯拉夫精神的「波希米亞風」（ Bohemian Style ）， 甚而與信仰關連的「神秘主義」（Mysticism），這些風格特質共構出屬於慕夏的「新藝術」。然而，這些藝術風格對音樂人而言並不陌生，似與法國作曲家德布西（Claude Debussy, 1862-1918）的音樂風格特質相關，這應是大環境的藝術氛圍影響了視覺藝術與音樂之故。本文將以「新藝術」藝術家慕夏之作品為例，討論其與德布西風格特質的平行性，藉此探討世紀交替時，德布西音樂風格中的「新藝術」特質。

Czech artist Alphonse Mucha (1860-1939) is often called as the representative of the Art Nouveau. Its style shadowed other stylistic elements; they included French-rooted Rococo and Symbolism, Arabesques and Japonisme in Exoticism, Bohemian Style in Czech-Slavic spirits, and religion-related Mysticism. All these styles construct the unique Art Nouveau of Mucha. However, these styles are not unfamiliar to musicians. They seem related to the musical style of French composer Claude Debussy (1862-1918). It should the results of affecting by the artistic atmosphere in visual arts and music. This article will base on the works of Art Nouveau artist Mucha to explore the parallelism in Debussy and to debate the characteristics of Art Nouveau in music of Debussy at the turn of centuries.