防止感電災害之絕緣設備性能試驗探討

Evaluation Tests of Insulation Equipments to Prevent Electric Shock Events

本文檢討與評估驗工廠用電設備絕緣性能的方法，以期在絕緣劣化之前及早檢知，及時維護，避免發生感電事故，保護勞工安全。本文所探討測試絕緣性能的方法包含絕緣電阻測試，介電損失（tanδ）測試，洩漏電流測試。本文僅是針對工廠的需求討論各類絕緣測試的技術，注意事項，數據的要求，而非研究新的方法。為了工廠實際使用時的考慮，本文建議對600V以下低電壓器具，及勞工活線操作時使用的安全工具與護具，應使用絕緣電阻與洩漏電流作為絕緣性能評估的依據。而對600V以上之高電壓設備，則應使用介電損失作為絕緣性能評估的依據。最後本計畫再分別針對低電壓與高電壓設備訂定絕緣管理與評估辦法，以期工廠能依設備的特性，定期進行絕緣試驗，保障勞工安全。

This paper evaluates and assesses the methods to examine the insulation conditions of electrical equipments in industry plants in order to proceed required maintenance before insulation breakdown and to prevent electric shock events for the protection of laborers. The evaluation methods include insulation resistance test, dielectric loss (tanδ) test, and leakage current test. This paper discusses only conventional insulation evaluation techniques, notices, and requirements of insulation level instead of investigating a new test method. Considering the practical usage for industry plants, it is suggested that for low voltage electrical equipments with voltage under 600V or safety tools and protectors used by laborers at on-line process insulation resistance test and leakage current test should be used for insulation evaluation. But for high voltage electrical equipments with voltage above 600V, it is needed to use dielectric loss test for insulation evaluation. Finally, it is obtained the insulation management and evaluation methods for low voltage and high voltage equipments. It is expected that dangerous electric shocks can be avoided and the safety of laborers can be improved.