中、美、日、歐體衝剪機械安全防護法規分析比較

The Analysis and Comparisions of Safeguarding Codes for Presses and Shears of ROC, US, Japan and European Community

衝剪機械是工業界提高生產力的利器，但由於其運動的快速，對於操作員的傷害力也相對地高於一般工具機。本報告旨在將我國與美、日及歐體現行之衝剪機械安全防護法規就其異同點、周延性、可行性以及必要性加以分析比較，以期提供有關當局未來在修訂法令及標準之參考，進而使我國勞工的工作場所更加安全，並降低職業災害所轉嫁的社會成本。就整體而言，我國現行的衝剪機械安全防護標準對於防護設備在種類與功能方面皆有明確之規範。日本、美國以及歐體之法規亦有類似之詳細規範，但日本尚包括有機械安全檢定以及員工之安全教育等，美國之法規有手工具不能當作安全防護設備的替代品，而歐體之法規則是始於機械之安全設計來保護操作員之安全。由本研究可知完善的安全防護法規之訂定應先由機械設計著手，然後再考慮安全防護裝置之設置，最後輔以安全教育。

The presses and shears are used as powerful machine tools for increasing productivity in industries, owing to its fast operation, which causes a relatively higher injury to person at work than other machine tools. This report aims to analyze and compare the code of safeguarding for presses and shears of ROC, US, Japan and European Community, with the point of similarities and differences, completeness, applicability and necessary, served as a reference to revise the code and standard for the porper authorities in the coming future to promote a safe working place and minimize the social cost from occupational injury. In a all, the current safeguarding standard of ROC for presses and shears machine tools specifies safeguarding devices clearely both in types and functions. The codes of Japan, US and EC specify similar detailed requirements, but including machining safety verification and safety US code, and starting from machine safety design to protect the safety of person at work in EC. From this research, it is demonstrated that for specifying a sound safeguarding code the machine design shall be started first, and then the safeguarding device be taken into account, finally complementing with the safety education.