探究社區根本的價值與能量——從英國的社區培力與發展經驗探討臺灣的社區培力機制

Return to Basic Value: Explore the Empowerment Mechanism of Community in Taiwan from Community Development Experience in Britain

臺灣透過社區發展作為推進公眾事務參與以及各項基層建設的歷史已屆五十年，在政策驅使以及民間自發性帶動之下，以社區為本的行動服務也漸趨多元。而為了協助社區能夠有效凝聚在地力量來回應當地的需求，由政府自辦或委託專業單位辦理社區培力的方案也在各縣市如火如荼的發展，然而在專業力量投入社區培力近十年的過程中，卻已出現將社區發展導向過度工具化的現象，無論是專業培力者或工作者，都在不斷追逐資源的過程中忘卻基層組織應發揮社會變遷與正義公平促進的抗衡力量。反觀英國的社區發展歷史脈絡，試圖與打擊貧窮或排除等社會議題緊密扣連，在公私協力體制中也相當強調夥伴關係的權力授與以及參與式社區治理的理念實踐。本文試從英國的社區發展與培力經驗，與本土的社區發展及培力機制做一個參照，從民間草根力量的角度出發，省思基層社區與培力單位如何協力來因應無所不在的社會排除風險，以回歸社區發展最根本的價值與能量。

In Taiwan, there are over five decades to construct both on the community grassroots and community development to promote public participation. Basing on the policy-driven and the civil spontaneity, community-based action services have become increasingly pluralistic. In order to effectively assist communities to gather in force should be back and forth to the needs of running the government or commission specialized units to handle Community Empowerment program is also developing counties in full swing, but in the professional investment community strength training force for nearly a decade the process, already appears to guide community development tools over the phenomenon, whether professional or worker training force, are forgotten in the process of chasing resources grassroots organizations should play a counter force social change and justice and equity promotion. In contrast, viewing the historical context of community development in Britain, social issues are more with trying to combat poverty or exclusion; public and private cooperative system is also considerable emphasis on partnerships with delegated authority as well as the concept of participatory community governance practices. This paper tries to review the experience of community development and empowerment mechanism in Britain as a reference, rethink how far the grass-roots communities and empowerment units work together in Taiwan to cope with the ubiquitous the risk of social exclusion, in order to return to community value.