用佛教來救國：梁啟超佛學政治理念的建構

Using Buddhism to Save the Country: The Construction of Liang Qichao's Idea of Buddhist Politics

歷來學者們對梁啟超的討論主要關注兩個面向：第一為政治面向；第二是學術面向。然在本文中所欲提出的，是在政治行動思想的貫徹力、傳統儒學和西方新學間的挑戰與回應之外，學者們較少深究的另一面向，那就是梁啟超是位熱衷於佛教的知識份子，撰寫過諸多佛學與佛教歷史文章，在佛教研究方面可說是開創性的人物之一。過去學者在提到梁啟超「佛學」與「政治」的議題時，多以「佛學是為政治服務」為前提來做論述，此種先入為主的觀點筆者認為並不客觀，還有重新檢討的必要。梁啟超佛學研究之脈絡，是在與佛學研究的師友們影響之下，表現一種訴諸佛學融入治國理念的行文模式。梁啟超所認定的人民與國家是互相依存的關係，國家安定富強的基礎是建立在有著優良道德的新民身上，再由每個人將其私德提升為公德，並將公德推之於國家。梁啟超的佛教思想，是包括純理論的研究，和現實的實踐方針，《論佛教與群治之關係》可說是後者的典型代表，人民與國家的發展，是可得益於佛教，展現其佛學與政治理念的建構基礎。

Scholars have been focused on the discussion about Liang Qichao two in aspects: political face and academic-oriented face. However, this paper seeks another face beyond challenge and response force on political action to implement ideas. Among this scholars of traditional Confucianism and Western Learning, Liang Qichao was a keen Buddhist intellectual who has written many articles on Buddhism and Buddhist history. In the study of Buddhism, it can be said that he is one of the pioneering figures. The context of Liang Qichao’s Buddhist studies was under the influence of Buddhist Studies division of the faithful with a recourse to the rule of Buddhist philosophy into language patterns. Buddhist thought of Liang Qichao, includes pure research and the reality of practice guidelines. He thinks that people and the development of the country can get benefits from Buddhism which shows the construction of the foundation of his political philosophy.