朱熹歷史思維試探：以對宋初三朝政事之史評為例

An Exploration of Zhu Xi's Historical Thinking: For example of the political history of the early Northern Song

本論文以朱熹對北宋初年太祖、太宗、真宗三朝政治的議論為中心，分析其對歷史的看法。朱熹除了是理學集大成者，同時亦在包含史學的儒學各領域均有重要成就。這與一般印象常認為理學家重內聖而忽外王，重經而忽史有別。故本文企圖對這一現象加以解釋，探討朱熹的歷史觀與其理學觀念間之聯繫。本文以宋初為例，選定宋初對唐代風氣的沿襲、對太祖朝政風的觀點、對真宗朝天書封禪的批判三個題目，觀察朱熹的議論如何反映理學對政治的關懷。發現朱熹論史極重學術對政治的影響，但對具體施政的利害問題亦用心考察，並不主張不切實際的態度。同時，士人參政的追求所在，即所謂出處問題，亦是朱熹反覆思考並反映在其史論上的，而史論又與其論學一致。可見朱熹論史時的重心，與其理學思想有密切關聯，從史學下手或是對其理學有更完整認識的另一門徑。

In this thesis, the discussion is centered in Zhu Xi's opinion on early North Song , to analyze his view of history. In addition to being a master of Neo-Confucianism, Zhu Xi also has an important achievement in historiography. This is inconsistent with the general impression. Therefore, this article attempts to explain this phenomenon, to explore the connection between Zhu Xi's historical view and his concept of Neo-Confucianism.