抗戰前國民黨政治犯感化政策的分析——以南昌行營臨時感化院為個案

An Analysis of the Kuomintang's Reformatory Policy on CCP Political Criminals before the War of Resistance against Japan --Taking the Nanchang Headquarters Temporary Reformatory as an Example

感化院是18世紀歐洲國家為收容青少年犯罪而設立的感化機構。晚清以降傳入中國，國民政府建立以後，國民黨強化了感化院對中共政治犯感化的功能。本文試圖通過對南昌行營臨時感化院歷史的考察，分析國民黨對中共政治犯感化的政策設計和效果。我們認為，隨著剿共戰爭的不斷深入，為了消解中共政治動員所帶來的破壞性，蔣介石力爭通過感化院的打造，達到“三分軍事、七分政治”的強力功效。然而，房舍、經費、人員缺乏等問題卻使感化院的感化設計陷入困境，而中共被感化分子利用這一情形對抗國民黨的感化政策，從而導致感化院更多地充當了被動收容的角色，感化政策也並未實現其初衷。

Reformatory was set up by some European countries as an institute to reclaim the adolescents of crimes in the 18th century. It was introduced to China in the late Qing dynasty. After the establishment of the Nationalist government, Kuomintang strengthened the function of the reformatory on the CCP political criminals. This paper tries to analyze the strategy and its effectiveness of Kuomintang’s reformatory on the CCP political criminals through a research on the history of the Nanchang Field Headquarters Temporary Reformatory. We hold that as the suppression of the Communists deepened, in order to get rid of the negative effects brought by the CCP’s political mobilization, Chiang Kai-shek managed to establish reformatories to obtain the powerful effect of “Relying mainly on politics, with military as a supplement”. However, the shortages of living places, expenses, hands, etc. put the plan of Reformatory into trouble. Meanwhile, the reformed CCP took advantages of this situation to oppose to the reformatory policy of Kuomintang, thus the reformatories became a passive refugee institute, and the reformatory policy didn’t get its original purpose.