《上海工部局醫官造衛生清冊》：一份研究近代上海公共衛生的重要史料

Shanghai Municipal Council Health Department Annual Report: Research on the Important Historical Data about Public Health for Modern Shanghai

公共衛生是近年來史學界頗為重視的研究領域之一。對傳統中國而言，現代西方式公共衛生的概念，主要源自於上海的英美租界區。因為早在1898年，英美租界當局即成立專責的公共衛生處，並聘請一位全職的衛生官員管理界內的公共衛生事宜。而《上海工部局醫官造衛生清冊》，正是歷任的工部局衛生官，以其專業知識，將界內所推行或監測的醫療事務，逐年記錄，以作為向工部局董事會報告的書面依據，並為衛生處留下檔案，俾能成為日後租界推廣衛生事業之參考。因此該史料可說是研究上海英美租界公共衛生課題，不可或缺的第一手史料。筆者透過對所見的七個年份的《衛生清冊》，加以整理、比對、分析，詳細介紹其體例、內容及重要性，期能引發相關學者對本史料的注意，並加以運用，以為史學領域帶來更豐碩的研究成果。

Public health is one of the more focused research topics in recent history studies. As for traditional China, the concept of modern western style public health mainly came from Shanghai's British and US Settlement areas. Since as early as 1898, authorities in the British and US Settlement areas of Shanghai established a Health Department and appointed a professional health official to oversee public health matters within those areas. Successive health officials documented yearly, with their professional knowledge, all the accomplished or monitored health related events in the Shanghai Municipal Council Health Department Annual Report. It was used as a written report in the Municipal Council's board of directors meetings, and also served as a record for the Health Department as well as a reference for future promotion of the health industry in the Settlement. Therefore, this historical material may be the most indispensable first-hand data in the research of public health topics in Shanghai's British and US Settlements. From studying seven of these Annual Reports, we hope to reorganize, compare, analyze, and have a detailed introduction to their style, contents, and importance in order to initiate other historians in their recognition of this data and fully utilize it to achieve more fruitful research results in the study of this history.