模板倒塌職業災害之防治策略

Strategy for Preventing Formwork Collapse Disaster

模板倒塌在營造業職業災害中所佔之比例雖然不是最高，但是其所影響的層面卻是最為廣泛，所造成的損失亦是最為慘重，因此模板倒塌預防措施之研擬一直是營造業職災防治的重點工作之一。從檢討我國營造業現行模板工程之現況發現，模板倒塌職災的發生原因可分類為環境、材料、技術與人為等因素，而進一步地調查顯示，除了模板業者應為模板倒塌負起施工不當的責任外，在基本上我國營造業管理階層對於模板支撐系統的定位不正確與危害認知不足亦可能是模板倒塌的根本肇因之一。因此，本於源流管理之原則，在本論文中提出全面安全管理制度輔以加強施工安全技術研發、建立並落實構材檢定制度及推動修法等措施之防治策略，期能從根本上來提昇我國的模板工程施工安全水準。

Although occurrence of formwork collapse is a rare event, preventing it from happening is one of the foci on reducing occupational related accidents in construction because it has wide range of effect and induces great capital loss. By reviewing current situation of local formwork engineering, it is found that causes of formwork collapse may be categorized by environmental, material, technical and human error factors. Further investigation shows that formwork constructors should not be the only one responsible for collapse accidents. People in management and supervising level lacking proper attitude toward issues on safety of formwork supporting system might also contribute a great deal to its happening. Therefore, a Total Safety Management (TSM) technology is proposed in this paper to accomplish the goal of preventing collapse accidents of formwork.