國人上肢活動範圍與機械安全之研究

The Range of Motion of the Upper Limbs of Taiwanese in Machinery Safety

工作場所中勞工會因意外或其他狀況，導致上肢觸及機械危險區域，造成傷害的發生，因此機械安全中有關防止上肢伸及危險區域的標準訂定有其必要性，歐洲標準EN 294即立意於此。此類安全標準必須依據勞工族群的人體計測資料且國人體型、肢體尺寸不同於西方人，本研究目的即在於建立相關的本㈯化資料，提供工作場所安全設計時參考。本研究利用動作分析系統，探討國人身高在第95百分位數以上男性伸越防護結構時上肢活動範圍，受測者三十位，並利用1996年我國勞工人體計測資料及受測者靜態量測值探討向上伸手、手部弧形擺動、及穿過開口部等安全距離數據。結果顯示，本研究所得相關安全距離值較EN 294有些許差異，但其趨勢相同。工廠安全規劃時，應依機械危險程度及工作環境允許等情況判斷，適當增加安全距離的比例，以增進工作場所安全性。

The injuries of workers’ upper limbs occurred in worksites may result from accidental contact with the dangerous parts of machinery. The data for safety distances of the upper limbs must be established to assure industrial safety and to obviate or reduce risk caused by machinery. In European Union, the EN 294 “Safety of machinery--Safety distance to prevent danger zones being reached by the upper limbs” for preservation of operators from harm while reaching danger zones of machinery has been published. However, because of the difference in build and size of workers, this standard needs to be further studied in order to find whether it could be adapted in Taiwan. The purpose of this study is to establish the anthropometric data related to machinery safety. In this study, the motion analysis system was applied to measure the range of motion of the upper limbs when reaching over propective structures. Thirty men were selected to represent the 95th percentile male stature in the experiment. In addition, the safety distances of reaching upwards, reaching round, and reaching through openings were determined by using the domestic anthropometric database of 1996 in Taiwan and the anthropometric measurements of subjects from the experiment. The measurements obtained were different in this study when compared with EN 294. However, the tendency of the measurements was the same. It suggests that the weight of the measurements may be added for the consideration of industrial safety in terms of risk level and work environment.