不銹鋼電弧焊燻煙暴露危害與評估技術之檢討與建議

A Study of Exposure Hazard and Assessment for Stainless Steel Welding Fume

隨著我國工業技術的提昇，不銹鋼的使用有逐漸增加的趨勢，而不銹鋼加工業中佔一席之地的電弧焊作業也日趨重要。根據資料顯示，工業化國家勞工人口中有0.2-2%從事電弧焊作業，對於不銹鋼電弧焊作業勞工的暴露危害無不成為各工業先進國家勞工安全衛生研究的重要課題。由於勞工在電弧焊作業時所暴露的燻煙或有害氣體隨作業方式、工件材質、電弧焊電極成份及隔離氣體種類而改變。所以在做勞工暴露危害評估之前，必須先收集與了解作業現場任何可能影響燻煙因素的相關資料，再決定所要評估之有害物成份、採樣方式及分析方法。本研究藉文獻回顧的方式，探討不銹鋼焊接準備過程、各種焊接方式、焊料及操作條件可能產生的燻煙有害成份，其所造成之健康危害及危害評估技術。

Stainless steel applications have been increased steadily resulting from the progress in industrial technology in recent years in Taiwan. Arc welding is an important process in all mechanical-manufacturing industries. Based on statistic surveys, 0.2 to 2% of workers in industrialized countries are related to welding process. Hazards among welders have become a major concern of industrial hygienists in industrialized countries. The extent of exposure to welding fumes and toxic gases among welders depends on type of welding process, parent metal, electrode composition and shielding gas used. The investigation for all possible affecting factors in the formation of fumes and toxic gases is essential to determine sampling and analytical methods in the exposure assessment of welders. This study reviews possible hazards and adequate exposure assessment methods under various preparation procedures, welding processes, welding electrodes, feedings, shield gases and operating parameters in the stainless steel arc welding.