石作作業勞工粉塵暴露危害調查

Survey on the Dust Exposure in Masonry

根據台灣地區勞工保險給付統計，職業病中以塵肺症為大宗，塵肺症之患者大多因吸入礦物性粉塵所致，而目前石作工人罹患矽肺症之病例報告時有所聞。本研究進行作業環境石材及空氣樣本中結晶型游離二氧化矽之含量分析，並配合勞工呼吸系統自覺症狀問卷結果，以了解國內石作工人之工作情形。問卷結果顯示石作作業勞工呼吸系統之症狀與抽菸史息息相關，而環境測定結果顯示，除台北地區大部份工作場所以外，全省其餘地區之可呼吸性粉塵濃度皆符合法令容許濃度標準。另在石材結晶型游離二氧化矽分析部份，發現玫瑰紅、唐山石、正長岩、南非黑皆含有石英，亦即結晶型游離二氧化矽，而大理石、觀音石、青斗石、藍寶石皆不含有石英。即台灣本土生產之石材石英含量低，但石作作業常改用進口石材，其中石英含量較高。

The statistical data of Labor Insurance indicates that pneumoconiosis is the one of the most common occupational diseases in Taiwan. Pneumoconiosis may be caused by exposure to mineral dusts, and the silicosis cases among masons have been reported frequently. The objectives of this study are to measure the concentration of crystalline free silica in bulk samples and airborne samples collected from masonry workplaces, and to evaluate the working status among masons by questionnaire. The results indicated that there was a correlation between respiratory disorders and smoking history, most of the respirable dust samples are below the permissible level except for masonry in Taipei. Domestic raw materials for masonry usually are low in quartz, for example, quartz-nordmarkite, hornblende granite and granite contain quartz; quartz is not present in marble, fluorite, andesite, amphibolite, felsic rock and serpentine.