電鍍槽鉻酸霧滴暴露控制技術探討

Evaluation of Control Methods for Chromium Mist Exposure in Chromium Electroplating Tanks

本研究主要在探討鉻電鍍工廠鉻酸霧滴的控制問題。透過問卷調查、現場評估及作業環境測定瞭解各工廠現況，工程控制方法以及鉻酸霧滴濃度。研究以台灣地區電鍍工業同業公會會員進行問卷調查，並以定點區域採樣及UV分析樣品，測定鉻電鍍槽邊鉻酸霧滴濃度，研究總共測定硬鉻及飾鉻各12家共24家工廠93點，其中硬鉻52點，飾鉻41點。研究結果顯示鍍鉻工廠若無適當防制措施，會產生大量鉻酸霧滴，可能會造成勞工呼吸道危害。經分類比較後顯示飾鉻工廠作業環境中鉻酸霧滴濃度都在100μg/m3以下，而硬鉻工廠52個採樣點則有3.8％超過100μg/m3，且各工廠的安全衛生環境差別極大，電鍍工廠的環境應該可以互相模仿學習改善。調查中顯示鍍槽最主要的工程改善為局部排氣，而硬鉻工廠搭配加蓋控制比搭配霧滴抑制控制效果好，另外飾鉻工廠則有七成搭配霧滴抑制劑進行控制，且其中六成認為效果良好。霧滴抑制劑的使用會減少霧滴的產生，減少局部排氣的負荷，在鍍鉻工廠使用非常普遍，但是霧滴抑制 劑的使用，一定要配合適當的局部排氣及良好的管理，不然如本研究中6家使用 霧滴抑制劑中2家硬鉻工廠，仍達不到控制效果。

This study evaluated chromium mist control methods in electroplating factories. Several tasks were performed to survey the current chromium industry status in Taiwan. These included literature review, questionnaire survey, plant visit and hazardous substance measurement at work places. In addition, various engineering control methods were evaluated and chromic acid mist concentrations at different plants were measured. The results revealed that at factories without proper ventilation systems, vast quantity of chromic acid mist is emitted, which causes serious health effects on the respiratory system of exposed employees. On the other hand, factories with proper hazard control, especially for those in decorative chromic electroplating plants, normally have good working environment. Utilizing local exhaust ventilation was also found to reduce chromic acid mist emission. Application of local exhaust ventilation combined with a covered electroplating tank and/or mist suppressant is recommended for hard chrome electroplating plants. Mist suppressant alone cannot provide sufficient protection for workers. It must be applied in conjunction with local exhaust ventilation.