工廠緊急疏散績效評估模擬模式之建立

Development of Simulation Model for Evaluating Emergency Evacuation Performance of Plants

有鑑於工廠發生緊急災害後，往往因內部配置及出入通道設置不當而導致人員疏散不及，甚至造成嚴重之傷亡。因此，本研究旨在藉由行人流理論、行人緊急疏散特性、網路化概念與模擬方法等，建立一套緊急疏散績效評估模型，用以評估工廠建築物之空間配置狀況的緊急疏散績效，期能對勞工安全有所貢獻。首先，本研究回顧一般行人流網路化之原則，其次敘述如何將建築物配置網路化以建立人員疏散之動態模擬模式；同時經由實驗構建緊急疏散出入口疏解模式、平面通道及樓梯通道行人流模式並取得參數值，以引入行人流理論，從而建立較為符合實際疏散情況之模擬模式。最後，本研究以一特定工廠為例，對所構建之模擬模式進行疏散績效之模擬應用。其結果顯示：各樓層之疏散時間接近該工廠實際演習所測得結果。因此，本模擬模式未來應可逐步擴充成為實用之模擬評估工具。

The safety of labors in emergency cases is very important. The design of plant layout should consider its emergency evacuation performance. Therefore, in this study we develop a simulation model for evaluating the evacuation performance of a plant building using the pedestrian traffic flow theory and network modeling technique. In the model, an evacuating network is built based on the plant facility layout. The evacuation of labors in emergency case is simulated with pedestrian traffic flow theory. All parameters used in the simulation model are calibrated using experimental results, which are conducted for calibrating the out-flow rate of gate and speed-density relationship on passages and stairs. Outputs of the simulation model are evacuation time and the load of links and nodes, which will be adopted to evaluate the evacuation performance of plant in emergency situation. The simulation model is validated by comparing the simulated results with the field observation results under maneuval of evacuation. The simulation model can be applied as a tool to evaluate the evacuation performance of a plant to improve the design of plant layout.