我國營造業職業災害損失立即顯示系統之研究

An Immediate Display Model of Occupational Accident Cost for the Taiwan's Construction Industry

美國史丹福職災損失系統（Robinson，1979）提供一簡易的營造工程職災損失矩陣表來推估職災損失，Robinson使用三變數為研究構面：（1）身體受傷部位（2）傷害類型（3）職災導致工時損失，此系統於美國已被普遍地使用。然因史丹福職災損失系統的間接損失推估方式較為粗略，且國內的職災資料庫的分類與美國有些差異，本研究的主要目的是在建立一適合我國營造業的職災損失立即顯示系統，並與史丹福職災損失系統的結果作比較。本文所發展的職災損失立即顯示系統主要以我國災害類型度為構面並加細分罹災程度來推估職災損失，內容包括有勞保現金給付、勞保醫療給付、公司給付與公司間接損失等，所採取的推估方法在勞保總給付部分（以個人為單位）以勞保局職災給付資料推估83年的勞保現金給付與醫療給付；而公司給付（以個人為單位）與公司間接損失（以個案為單位）則由問卷資料推估。此外，本研究亦開發－Lotus-123試算表輔助計算，並說明職災損失立即顯示系統的使用步驟及其特色，最後則提出幾點建議期能有助於發揮立即顯示系統之功能。

The immediate display model of occupational accidents for the construction industry developed by Robinson (1979) has been widely adopted which has three dimensions : (l)injury parts, (2)accidents types and, (3)the loss of work hours. This Study construct an immediate display model of occupational accidents similar to Robinson's for Taiwan's construction industry in order to provide employer a better control on occupational accident that hinges upon a timely feedback on different types and degrees of accidents, and furthermore, wish to verify the findings obtained by the previous study conducted by the Stanford system. The modified evaluation model mainly uses the types of accidents as currently adopted by the Bureau of Labor Insurance, and the findings are based on the data gathered form questionnaire, symposiums, interviews, the computer file of Bureau of Labor Insurance which includes occupational accident gross payment in 1994, and the major cases of occupational accident reported to Taiwan Provincial Labor Bureau. In addition, we have developed a Lotus-123 spreadsheet which provides the guide on the steps for the use of immediate display model and some suggestions are provided for the user that should demonstrate the main advantages of the model.