職校畢業之美髮從業人員皮膚病變及相關致病因子的探討

Risk Factors of Hairdressers' Hand Dermatitis in Graduates of Hairdressing Professional Schools

本研究的主要目的是在了解職校畢業美髮從業人員皮膚炎的盛行率以及相關致病因子。我們邀請了兩個學校美髮科的畢業生參與體檢，其項目包括問卷調查、貼膚試驗、體檢及皮膚檢查，共有107人完成所有程序。皮膚檢查與貼膚試驗的結果顯示美髮從業人員有很高的手部皮膚病變罹患率（69.2％）。洗髮精的使用頻率與手背皮膚炎有明顯的統計相關（p<0.0001）。畢業較久的設計師則易因使用剪刀而受傷，常見發生部位為非慣用手的中指之食指側的基底部。我們建議設計師使用鈍頭的剪刀，以減少因剪髮造成的物理性職業傷害的發生率：而所有的美髮工作者均能使用手套，以預防或減少化學物質所引起的接觸性皮膚炎，及某些可經傷口傳遞病媒的傳染性疾病。

This study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for occupational hand dermatoses among hairdressers in Tainan City, Taiwan. We invited the graduates of the Department of Hairdressing from two professional schools for questionnaire, physical examination, and patch testing. There were 107 of them completed the study. The results of skin examination and patch testing showed that hairdressers in Tainan City had a high prevalence of hand dermatitis (69.2%). The frequency of shampooing was most significantly correlated with hand dermatitis (p<0.0001). Most of the hairdressers who had skin problems began to have them within a month of work. The stylists had high prevalence of scissors-induced wounds or scars over the web between the index and middle fingers of the non-dominant hand. The most important skin allergens included nickel, cobalt, Thimerosal, Captan, para-aminobenzoic acid, and fragrance mix. The rate of sensitivity to nickel and cobalt increased with duration of work as hairdressers. With the above findings, we recommend that hairdressers should wear gloves for protection, in order to prevent and/or reduce the occurrence of contact dermatitis and cross-infection. We also suggest that the stylists use dull-tip scissors to cut hair in order to prevent scissors-induced trauma.