臺灣客語「VC來」與「V分佢C」句式的「我者」視角

The ‘Self’ Perspective of ‘VC lai ’ and ‘V pun ki C’ Constructions in Taiwanese Hakka

本文嘗試以「我者」討論臺灣客語「VC 來」和「V 分佢C」兩種特有句式。這兩種句式都隱含「我者」視角，「VC 來」直接與「我者」有關，而「V 分佢C」則因為「佢」而間接隱含「我者」。「我者」說法可以解釋客語這兩種句式的共通及相異之處，並能說明漢語受事主語句發達以及與第三稱虛指代詞「他」相關等語言特點。本文提出「我者」說法不以「動詞」為中心出發，而以「人」為中心，以「人我對待關係」為中心，有助於進一步理解客語、甚至漢語特有的語言本質。

This paper proposes a ‘self’ approach to deal with two imperative constructions in Taiwanese Hakka, the ‘V C lai’ and ‘V pun ki C’ constructions. There is an implicit‘self’ voice in these two constructions. The ‘V C lai’ construction is connected directly to this ‘self’ voice, while the ‘V pun ki C’ construction implies it indirectly because of the third-person singular pronoun ki. This analysis is advantageous in that it can account for the similarities and differences of these two constructions, as well as explain the linguistic features of ‘patient-as-subject’ prominent sentences and the third-person singular pronoun ta-sentences in Mandarin. The ‘self’ perspective is not based on “verbs,” but on the interlocutors in discourse and their ‘self-other’ relationships. These investigations can help us further our understanding of Hakka and even of Mandarin.