論《莊子．德充符》之創傷療癒

The Theory of Trauma-healing in Zhuangzi ’s “The Sign of Virtue Complete”

本文旨在觀察《莊子．德充符》所述三兀者之身心修為，鋪陳創傷療癒的理論脈絡。首先從先秦出土文獻與傳世典籍，觀察受刑人所承受之社會歧視與被摒棄於社會邊緣的處境及其造成的身心創傷。其次探討〈德充符〉「才全德不形」之創傷療癒進路，梳理學界對「道」的三條詮釋脈絡，再論「道」作為存有根源的脈絡，並從「統合內外」的冥契體驗，論述溯返回歸存有自身之身心療癒途徑。第三部分採用「敘事治療」的「外化」概念，觀察〈德充符〉兀者對創傷事件的描述，發現其以隱喻式的「巵言」與「寓言」，敞開對創傷事件的嶄新詮解。

This study examines the theory of trauma-healing advanced in “The Sign of Virtue Complete” (De chongfu 德充符) chapter of the Zhuangzi莊子. In the first part of the article, I analyze descriptions of prisoners who experienced mental and physical trauma as the result of social pressure in both chutu 出土 texts and traditional sources. In the second part, I discuss the concepts of “whole power” (caiquan 才全) and “formless virtue” (de buxing 德不形) from “The Sign of Virtue Complete.” Following an analysis of three interpretive frameworks used by contemporary scholars of Taoism, I turn to the problems of how man realizes Dao via mystic process, and how a person who preserves formless virtue can engage in self-healing. In the final part of the article, I investigate how prisoners who have realized Dao employ the external transformation of “narrative therapy” to describe the trauma in their lives. The metaphors the prisoners use reveal a novel means of interpreting the circumstances of their trauma.