近期小說對日治時期的重新記憶：以《鴛鴦春膳》與《睡眠的航線》中的反記憶、認同與混雜為例

Re-Memory of Taiwan’s Japanese Period in Recent Fiction: The Instance of Counter-Memory, Identity, and Hybridity in Passion Foods and Routes in the Dream

戒嚴時期，公共論述中的日治時期記憶，大致都需符合國民黨官方所強調的中國民族主義、抗日仇日。國民黨官方視臺灣人為被日本殖民奴化，壓抑、否定日治時期記憶，使得被壓抑記憶之復返過程曲折。一九七○到九○年代末期以抗日為主軸，夾雜認同矛盾，九○年代末期以來則出現親日觀點，並與抗日或認同曖昧觀點並置，視野極其矛盾複雜。本文以李昂《鴛鴦春膳》與吳明益《睡眠的航線》中反記憶、認同與混雜為例，探討近期小說對日治時期的重新記憶。我將討論反記憶如何涉及國族認同？日本殖民現代性所帶來的文化混雜如何影響認同？是否使得認同問題化或複雜化？本文認為，兩書都將反記憶的悲情轉化為以日治時期的文化混雜作為臺灣認同的基礎。

Under martial law, most memories about the Japanese Period (1895-1945) had to comply with the KMT’s Chinese nationalist narrative and its anti-Japan or Japanbashing discourse in order to get published. Seeing Taiwanese as enslaved by Japanese colonialism, the KMT repressed and negated memories about the Japanese Period; consequently, the return of the repressed assumed different aspects in different times in the post-war era: anti-Japan mostly with some delineations of identity conflict from the 1970s to the late 1990s, and pro-Japan in juxtaposition with anti-Japan and split identity since the late 1990s. This paper deals with the re-memory of the Japanese Period in recent fiction by studying as an instance the complicated relationship between counter-memory, identity formation, and hybridity in Li Ang 李昂’s shortstory collection, Passion Foods《鴛鴦春膳》, and Wu Ming-yi 吳明益’s novel, Routes in the Dream《睡眠的航線》. All set in the 1990s, these works explore rememories of the Japanese Period in comparison with post-war memories under the KMT. I will discuss the following questions: How does counter-memory entail politics of national identity? How does cultural hybridity brought about by Japanese colonial modernity affect identity formation? Does it problematize or complicate identity? How does counter-memory deploy hybridity as a basis for new politics of national identity? I maintain that both books transmute the sadness of counter-memory into a recognition that the cultural hybridity formed during the Japanese Period serves as a basis of Taiwanese identity.